[转帖]登山运动的产生

真相

<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">贯穿法国、意大利、瑞士和奥地利等国家的阿尔卑斯山是现代登山运动的诞生地。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt;"><p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">主峰——勃朗峰（在法国境内）海拔４８１０米，是西欧的第一高峰。据历史记载，法国一位名叫德</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">.</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">索修尔的著名科学家为探索高山植物资源，渴望能有人帮他克服当时看来是不可逾越的险阻——登上阿尔卑斯山顶峰。他于１７６０年５月在阿尔卑斯山脚下的莎莫尼村贴出一则告示：“凡能登上或提供登上勃朗峰之巅线路者，将以重金奖赏。”然后，告示贴出后长期未获响应。此后，他每年出榜一次。直到２６年后的１７８６年６月，一位名叫巴卡罗的山村医生揭下了告示，他经过两个多月的准备，并与当地山区水晶石采掘工人巴尔玛结伴，于８月６日首次登上了勃朗峰。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt;"><p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>1787</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">年</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">8</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">月</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">3</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">日，由德</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">.</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">索修尔本人率领、巴尔玛做向导的一支</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">20</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">多人组成的登山队，再次登上了该峰，揭开了现代登山运动的序幕。在整个登山过程中，他们进行了有关人体生理、自然环境等多方面的考察，取得了不少高山科学的宝贵资料。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt;"><p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">后来，人们把登山运动成为“阿尔卑斯运动”，把</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1786</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">年作为登山运动的诞生年，德</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">.</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">索修尔、巴尔玛等人则成为世界登山运动的创始人，并得到了国际登山界的公认。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt;"><p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p>

[此贴子已经被作者于2006-11-8 15:42:49编辑过]

真相

<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">登山运动的发展</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">
                                        <span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></font></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 30pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1786</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">年登山运动诞生以后，特别是</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1850</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">至</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1865</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">年的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">15</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">年间，阿尔卑斯山区的登山运动发展极为迅猛。世界上第一个国家性的登山组织——英国登山俱乐部，于</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1857</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">年宣告成立。这一时期阿尔卑斯山的西欧第二高峰杜富尔峰（</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">4638</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">米）和埃克兰风峰（</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">4103</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">米）、芬斯特拉尔霍恩峰（</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">4275</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">米）等</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">20</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">多座海拔</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">4000</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">米以上的山峰先后被征服。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1865</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">年</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">7</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">月，英国登山运动员文培尔等人，又登上了当时被人们认为无法登顶的玛达布隆峰（海拔</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">4505</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">米，岩壁陡峭，平均坡度</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">65</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">度，有的地方达</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">90</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">度），至此，以阿尔卑斯山为中心的登山运动达到顶峰，出现了所谓“阿尔卑斯黄金时代”。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">从</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1950</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">年到</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1964</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">年的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">14</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">年间，是人类高山登山运动的一个重要发展阶段。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1950</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">年</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">6</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">月</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">3</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">日，法国运动员莫</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">.</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">埃尔佐和勒</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">.</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">拉施纳尔付出了血的代价（一人冻掉了双脚，一人冻掉了一只手），在人类的登山史上首次成功地登上了海拔</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">8091</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">米的安纳普尔那峰。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1953</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">年</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">5</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">月</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">9</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">日，英国登山队的依</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">.</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">希拉里（新西兰人）和藤辛</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">.</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">诺尔盖（尼泊尔人，后入印度籍）从南坡登上珠穆朗玛峰（这是人类登山史上首次成功登上世界最高山峰）。在这</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">14</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">年间，地球上海拔</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">8000</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">米以上的高峰，</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">13</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">座先后被各国运动员所征服。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">与此同时，新中国登山运动员也以崭新的面貌，生气勃勃地跨进了世界高山登山运动的行列。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1964</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">年</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">5</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">月</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">2</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">日，中国登山队许竞（队长）、王富洲等</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">10</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">名运动员首次成功地登上海拔</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">8012</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">米的世界第</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">14</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">高峰——希夏邦玛峰，创造了一次</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">10</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">名队员集体登上</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">8000</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">米以上高峰的世界纪录。世界登山史上将</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1950</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">年到</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1964</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">年这段时间称为“喜马拉雅黄金时代”。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt;"><p></p></span></p>